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Covid death toll in US likely 16% higher than official tally, study says Researchers think undercounting goes beyond overloaded health systems to a lack of awareness of Covid and low levels of testing The Guardian

The second year of the pandemic also had nearly as many uncounted excess deaths as the first, the study found.

Covid-19 increases risk of developing autoimmune disease, but vaccination helps, large study shows A large study in Japan and South Korea shows that Covid-19 increases risk of developing autoimmune disease, but vaccination helps. Isabella Cueto STAT

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Researchers also found that vaccination against Covid, with either mRNA or viral vector shot, reduced the risk of developing a new autoimmune disease. They did not spell out in the study exactly how much vaccines reduced the risk of AIRDs.

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Many Americans postpone surgeries due to cost, job worries - UPI.com Older adults frequently delay needed surgery because of financial concerns, a new study finds. UPI

...Nearly half of people ages 50 and older who were very concerned about the cost of surgery wound up not having an operation they had considered, researchers reported Tuesday in the journal JAMA Network Open. 

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Pandemic resulted in high healthcare worker turnover NanoStockk/iStock CIDRAP

Using US Census Bureau state unemployment insurance data, researchers from Johns Hopkins University documented a significant job turnover among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, which suggests long-term implications for the US healthcare sector.