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Cancer is not just 'bad luck' but down to environment, study suggests
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Sun, 2016-01-03 00:20 — Maeryn Obley
bbc.com - December 17th, 2015 - James Gallagher
Cancer is overwhelmingly a result of environmental factors and not largely down to bad luck, a study suggests.
Earlier this year, researchers sparked a debate after suggesting two-thirds of cancer types were down to luck rather than factors such as smoking.
The new study, in the journal Nature, used four approaches to conclude only 10-30% of cancers were down to the way the body naturally functions or "luck".
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Substantial Contribution of Extrinsic Risk Factors to Cancer Dev
A link to the study (referenced in the article above), is provided below:
nature.com - by Song Wu, Scott Powers, Wei Zhu & Yusuf A. Hannun - December 16, 2015
doi:10.1038/nature16166
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted a strong correlation between tissue-specific cancer risk and the lifetime number of tissue-specific stem-cell divisions. Whether such correlation implies a high unavoidable intrinsic cancer risk has become a key public health debate with the dissemination of the ‘bad luck’ hypothesis. Here we provide evidence that intrinsic risk factors contribute only modestly (less than ~10–30% of lifetime risk) to cancer development. First, we demonstrate that the correlation between stem-cell division and cancer risk does not distinguish between the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We then show that intrinsic risk is better estimated by the lower bound risk controlling for total stem-cell divisions. Finally, we show that the rates of endogenous mutation accumulation by intrinsic processes are not sufficient to account for the observed cancer risks. Collectively, we conclude that cancer risk is heavily influenced by extrinsic factors. These results are important for strategizing cancer prevention, research and public health.
CLICK HERE - STUDY - Nature - Substantial Contribution of Extrinsic Risk Factors to Cancer Development