(task) 26 Earthquakes Later, Fracking’s Smoking Gun Is in Texas - The Daily Beast

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> SHAKEN UP01.07.15
> 26 Earthquakes Later, Fracking’s Smoking Gun Is in Texas
> After 11 quakes in the last two days – with one registering at a 3.6 – Irving, Texas’ sudden onset tremor problem might be the fracking industry’s nightmare.
> There’s a monster lurking under Texas, beneath the sand and oil and cowboy bones, and it’s getting a little restless after a 15 million year nap. Shaking things up in the city of Irving, just slightly west of Dallas, where no less than ten earthquakes yesterday and today bring the total tremors to 26 since October in that town alone. Over 100 quakes have been registered in the North Texas region since 2008, a staggering uptick from just a single one prior that year.
>
> The Balcones Fault Zone divides the Lone Star State in half, loosely following the route of Interstate 35 and passing under Fort Worth, Waco, Austin, and San Antonio. And it’s not just a huge amount of human populations that sit on top of it. There are also thousands of fracking wells boring down in to the earth’s crust, pumping millions of gallons of water down with the direct intent of breaking apart what lay beneath.
>
> Irving itself has more than 2,000 of these sites nearby, and some of the more than 216,000 state wide “injection wells” responsible for disposing of fracking’s wastewater byproduct are in close proximity. Located thousands of feet below the ground, these wells hold millions of gallons of chemically tainted h2o, and science has proven <http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2012/08/06/how-fracking-disposal-wells-are-causing-earthquakes-in-dallas-fort-worth/> that the pressure and liquid combination can combine to “lubricate” fault lines. And that may well be what is happening in the Barnett Shale region around, yes, Dallas and Irving.
>
>
> Barnett Shale is the largest land-based gas field in Texas, with an estimated 40 trillion cubic feet <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnett_Shale> of natural gas just waiting to be hammered out of the ground and into your SUV’s tank. It’s a nearly bottomless potential bank account for corporations with the resources to drill and grind. But, as the people of Irving are now discovering, all of this poking and prodding is not without potential consequences.
>
> And it’s not just Texas. Poland Township in Ohio had 77 earthquakes happen last March that researchers have definitively linked to fracking, in a paper published <http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/01/01/0120140168.full> just days ago. And British Columbia has the oil addiction shakes <http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/fracking-causes-minor-earthquakes-b-c-regulator-says-1.1209063>, too.
>
> So we know that boring down to the bedrock and pumping it full of fluid can cause earthquakes. And while it’s also admittedly rare <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150105182448.htm> that these quakes are felt by humans, this shows signs of changing. Could the (thus far) timid trembling give way to a full-on, grand mal seizure?
>
> The simple answer seems to be yes. They can. Studies are showing that the magnitude of the activity may be linked to how long a disposal well is in use, meaning that the more we spew wastewater into aging wells, the higher the potential for a major incident.
>
> “With time, as an injection activity continues, so will the seismic hazard as measured by the maximum magnitude,” the US Geological Survey’s Art McGarr was quoted as saying by NPR <https://webmail.iac.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=0UFcx2kQbEeXu7EjgnRzQ0Boy5lE_tEI6498MjX-0k-qfcIQ6eS0Vb2pIo_iB-3PnxbPWRzrVu8.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fstateimpact.npr.org%2ftexas%2ftag%2fearthquake%2f>.
>
> Whatever the cause, the activity is growing more violent.
>
> “This is the largest earthquake in Irving since the ’70s. That’s as far back as our catalog goes,” USGS geophysicist Jessica Turner said to CBSDFW <http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/tag/earthquake/>. “There hasn’t been anything like this at all, so it’s new.”
>
> This is not making the 228,000 residents of Irving, Texas feel very relaxed. The most recent activity had a high point of 3.6 on the Richter Scale <http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2015/01/07/11-north-texas-earthquakes-in-around-27-hours/>. While minor, it’s strong enough to be felt and shake objects. And feel it they did -- the local 911 system was overloaded with calls, the school district held earthquake drills, and the Irving’s mayor met with her counterpart in Dallas to discuss emergency management plans, according to the Dallas Morning News <http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2015/01/north-texas-rattled-by-quake-estimated-to-be-in-the-mid-3-magnitude-range-per-usgs.html/>.
>
> And “minor” can be relative.
>
> "Was looking to see if an 18-wheeler wrecked into our building! That is what it felt like,” Irving local Aletha Allie Pate Martinez told <http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/dallas-county/2015/01/06/irving-earthquake-north-texas/21352091/> a local ABC affiliate.
>
> As of now, there’s no 100-percent definitive scientific connection between this latest swarm of earthquakes and fracking activity, but the United States Geologic Survey noted in a statement <http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000tca7#summary> on the swarm, “Activities that have induced felt earthquakes in some geologic environments have included impoundment of water behind dams, injection of fluid into the earth's crust, extraction of fluid or gas, and removal of rock in mining or quarrying operations.”
>
> Worth noting: This cluster of quakes is taking place almost directly beneath the Exxon-Mobile world headquarters, which is located in Irving. The company’s CEO, Rex Tillerson, joined a lawsuit <http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/02/22/exxon-mobil-tillerson-ceo-fracking/5726603/> last year to prevent a water tower used in the fracking process from being built near his 83-acre horse ranch in a swanky suburban Dallas enclave. Whether these are considered ironic or karmic quakes – that’s up to you. But for the repeatedly shaken up people of North Texas, it’s not very funny anymore.
>
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> NEVER FORGET01.11.15
> The Forgotten War That Spawned Paris’ Attacks
> While the attack against Charlie Hebdo captured the world’s attention, Yemen continued to bleed from relentless attacks from Al Qaeda.
> LONDON — The massacre at the headquarters of Charlie Hebdo was neither the only nor the deadliest terror attack to occur on Wednesday. Hours before the Koauchi brothers made their way to the offices of the French satirical magazine, thousands of miles away, in the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, a car bomb struck a crowd of men lined up to enroll at the city’s police academy. Roughly four-dozen were killed as the bomb went off, strewing blood and body parts across the street.
>
> It’s a coincidence that has grown all the more notable—and tragic—in light of the emerging ties between the Charlie Hebdo attackers and al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), the Yemen-based terror group that officials have accused of carrying out Wednesday’s car bomb. According to the AFP, Said Koauchi, the older of the pair, traveled to Yemen multiple times between 2009 and 2011, studying at Sanaa’s Iman University, a controversial institution headed by firebrand cleric Abdulmajid al-Zindani, prior to training with AQAP in camps in the south and southeast of the country.
>
> Notably, Inspire, an English-language, AQAP-affiliate magazine, explicitly threatened to kill Charlie Hebdo editor Stephane Charbonnier in its March 2013 edition, and at writing time, AQAP has reportedly taken credit <http://www.thedailybeast.com/content/dailybeast/cheats/2015/01/09/al-qaeda-in-yemen-claims-paris-attack.html> for the attack on behalf of the group, though the ultimate extent of the Koauchi brothers’ ties to Yemen and AQAP is still unclear. Either way, the attack has refocused attention to the impoverished, conflict-stricken country.
>
> Hailed as a textbook example of a successful counterterrorism strategy by U.S. officials as late as fall of last year, Yemen has instead been riven with unrest lately. An internationally backed power transition agreement has fallen apart, and the country’s economy—to say nothing of the central government’s control over the bulk of the country—has appeared to collapse as well. And no one in the circles of power in the West seems to have noticed.
>
> Indeed, last week’s violence in Paris seems to underline how little progress has been made against AQAP. Despite the efforts of the U.S. and Yemeni governments, it still appears to possess the ability to unleash horrors against Western targets.
>
> The worry here is that once the attack on Charlie Hebdo fades from the headlines, Yemen will return to suffering alone as the rest of the world turns a deaf ear—until, that is, AQAP hits the West again.
> Yemen had already developed a reputation as a hotspot for extremism by the time Koauchi allegedly first arrived in 2009. Many western-born Muslim hardliners flocked to Salafi institutes in the country, most famously, perhaps, the Dar al-Hadith institute in the far northern town of Dammaj. While the bulk of these foreigners simply came to study, a number joined up with extremists on the ground. One of the most notorious among them was “Underwear Bomber” Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a Nigerian student trained by AQAP who infamously attempted to blow up a passenger airliner on Christmas Day 2009.
>
> But while such rare plots against foreign targets have garnered AQAP the most attention, the bulk of activity—and the bulk of their attacks—has occurred on Yemeni soil. It is this violence the West ignores at its peril.
>
> As the central government’s control over much of the country evaporated over the course of 2011 in the wake of the Arab Spring-inspired uprising against the country’s long time leader, President Ali Abdullah Saleh, AQAP quickly moved to take advantage. While the group was pushed out of its former strongholds in the southern Abyan in a Spring 2012 military offensive, they’ve quickly regrouped.
>
> AQAP has continued to find safe haven in areas across country, ranging from the eastern province of Hadramawt—where the group’s fighters have displayed aims of establishing an Islamic emirate—to the oil and gas rich provinces of Marib and Shabwa, to Abyan itself. AQAP has continued to unleash a steady flurry of attacks on military and security targets, supplementing their finances through everything from bank robberies to taking foreign hostages for ransom, allowing the group to buy new weapons and loyalties as it aims to spread its writ to new territories.
>
> Only the most diligent of news junkies would be aware of this bloodshed, given the dearth of coverage in most Western media—a disheartening oversight, because AQAP represents perhaps the purest distillation of al Qaeda’s ideology and ambitions outside of the core group headed by Ayman al-Zawahiri. Most terrorism analysts consider it the most dangerous al Qaeda franchise.
>
> The U.S. has worked to counter AQAP’s growth, gaining a comparatively free hand from President Abdo Rabbu Mansour Hadi, Saleh’s successor and a former vice president. He has openly backed American drone strikes in the country.
>
> But while the sharp uptick of U.S. drone strikes has succeeded in taking out a handful of key figures, including AQAP deputy emir Said al-Shihri and charismatic extremist cleric Anwar al-Awlaki, the barrage of remotely operated American airpower has failed to deliver anything resembling a knock-out punch to the terror group.
>
> Yemenis overwhelmingly oppose the strikes, which they see as violations of the nation’s sovereignty and the rule of law. These misgivings have only been heightened by a series of civilian casualties resulting from the strikes. A number of observers—including former U.S. deputy ambassador to Yemen Nabil Khoury—have vocally criticized the strikes, arguing that they ultimately risk creating as many militants as they kill, ironically threatening to inflame anti-American sentiments to the point of spurring the very attacks the U.S. is aiming to prevent.
>
> All of this, however, fails to touch on the key factors behind the presence of extremist groups like AQAP in Yemen. In large part, AQAP is a product of its environment; as many Yemenis see it, the group is the fruit of a foreign ideology that has been able to lay roots in the country due to Yemen’s widespread poverty and the government’s endemic corruption and persistent dysfunction. As the group’s resilience in the face of repeated U.S. drone strikes has demonstrated, AQAP will continue to carve out a presence in Yemen as long as its given space to do so—something that is virtually inevitable as long as the power vacuum in the country remains—meaning the group appears destined to retain the operating space to train operatives who can take aim at targets in the west.
>
> In light of the ongoing political crisis in the country, it’s rather hard to see a way out. Paradoxically, as foreign diplomats continued to hail the country’s supposed progress along a UN-sponsored “transitional roadmap,” things continued to slowly spiral out of control on the ground. An ongoing humanitarian crisis means roughly half of the already impoverished country is going hungry. Secessionists in the country’s restive south—an independent country until 1990—stage daily demonstrations calling for a return to autonomy. Tensions between rival factions in the Yemeni political establishment paralyze the government. And the Shi’a-led Houthi rebel group finally took control of the city on Sept. 21 last year.
>
> Despite their vociferously anti-American stance—epitomized by the caustic “Death to America” slogans displayed on their checkpoints across the Yemeni capital—the Houthis have made fighting AQAP a top priority. But AQAP has fought back; the group’s military commander, Qassim al-Raymi, ominously threatened to unleash casualties that would “make the hair of young children turn grey.”
>
> In the wake of Wednesday’s car bomb attack in Sanaa, appalled Yemenis, noting two attacks on Houthi-linked targets in the central towns of Dhamar and Ibb mere days before, worried that the group appeared to be making good on Raymi’s word, wondering, with horror, when the violence would finally end. And when the world would remember this war.
>
> It’s unspeakably tragic that it took a violent attack in Paris to refocus attention to the ongoing unrest in Yemen, a nation whose conflict has been all but forgotten for some time. But the worry here is that once the attack on Charlie Hebdo fades from the headlines, Yemen will return to suffering alone as the rest of the world turns a deaf ear—until, that is, AQAP hits the West again.
>
> Adam Baron is a visiting fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations. He was based in Yemen from 2011-2014.
>
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>
> PepsiCo eliminated approximately 402,000 metric tons of added sugar from its beverage portfolio in North America in 2013 as compared to 2006, and has introduced low- and zero-calorie beverages to that end.
> The investments in science-based R&D are paying dividends. In the United States, PepsiCo has debuted nine of the top 50 new food and beverage products across all measured U.S. retail channels in 2013. They are Mountain Dew Kickstart, made with 5% real fruit juice; Starbucks ready-to-drink Iced Coffee; Tropicana Farmstand beverage that’s 100% juice, which includes one serving of fruit plus one serving of vegetable per 8 oz. serving; the fresh-brewed Lipton Pure Leaf Tea; Muller Quaker Greek-style yogurt; Tostitos Cantina Tortilla Chips, Doritos Locos Taco Chips, Ruffles MAX, and Cheetos Mix-Ups.
>
> Work on science-based strategies includes a focus on enhanced consumer experiences and preference drivers such as taste, texture, aroma, and convenience.
>
> “There are a lot of clues that nature gives you,” says Dr. Mehmood Khan, executive vice president of PepsiCo and chief scientific officer, who oversees the food and beverage company’s global R&D organization. “What’s interesting to me in the past couple of years is the merging of biology and chemistry and analytical technology that has opened up more applications with the potential to create more new products in our innovation pipeline. It’s exciting.” He likens the rapid-fire changes underway to the difference between black and white or color TV and high-definition technology: “We can see things now we didn’t see a year ago because the technology wasn’t available.”
>
>
> Less Is More
>
> For decades, consumers generally only cared about taste and price. Now better informed, they want to know about the sustainability of a product and its packaging; where and how an ingredient is sourced; exactly what is in a product, and how it fits their specific functional needs. Not only do they want more information from manufacturers producing their foods and beverages, but consumers are also more inclined than ever before to share information and recommendations with each other. And they also expect those products to remain affordable and taste great.
>
> PepsiCo’s science-based R&D capabilities are helping the company anticipate and meet the consumer needs on a global scale. For example, PepsiCo eliminated approximately 402,000 metric tons of added sugar from its beverage portfolio in North America in 2013 as compared to 2006, and has introduced low- and zero-calorie beverages to that end.
>
> Within the same timeframe, nearly 3,900 metric tons of sodium was removed from PepsiCo’s food portfolio, and the company continues to invest in new technologies and recipes that even further reduce salt levels.
>
> Working with scientific and technology partners to create, what R&D calls a more efficient salt, PepsiCo R&D scientists recently discovered how the size and shape of salt actually affects taste perception. A couple of years ago at a forum, says Dr. Khan, “we taught medium-to-small companies some of this technology so they could utilize it in their products. We believe it was good for the industry to adopt some of this as well.” Of course, it was also good for the consumer.
>
> The Transformation Journey
>
> How did this transformation happen? PepsiCo recruited scientific talent and a leadership team with backgrounds and credentials that were unusual for a traditional food and beverage company. Experts hailed from disciplines such as agronomy, exercise physiology, endocrinology, metabolomics, and rheology, among others. Dr. Khan was previously a faculty member at the Mayo Clinic serving as director of the Diabetes, Endocrine, and Nutritional Trials unit, and oversaw worldwide R&D efforts at the Takeda Pharmaceutical Company as the president of the Takeda Global Research & Development Center.
>
> With the transformation, a message of commitment was sent to the industry regarding their new approach to product development, innovation, deep consumer insights, and product design.
>
> The R&D team is combing remote regions like the Amazon in South America and parts of Asia and even Iceland, both on land and in the sea. The mission? To find various indigenous plants that are inherently sweet or salty, have fatty characteristics, are naturally sourced preservatives and could be useful in many product categories. According to Dr. Khan, PepsiCo has not only taken the lead in the industry in finding ways to reduce salt and fats, introduced lower-sugar orange juice, uncovered new oat-based benefits for consumers, and delivered high-protein beverages, it was also one of the first companies to come out with high-intensity, non-nutritive natural sweeteners like Stevia in its beverages. Part of that, Dr. Khan says, was a direct result of the global trekking PepsiCo is doing. “We’re finding other ingredients similar to Stevia that we believe might unlock further great-tasting products in the future.”
>
>
> With more than 5,000 different species and plants R&D looks at on a yearly basis, PepsiCo has at its disposal digitized tasting technology, which was first used by the pharmaceutical industry for new product discovery. Says Dr. Khan, “once we discover a plant, we can ‘fractionate’ it in order to look at it a little more closely; each one of those fractions has eight to ten natural flavor ingredients. Then as we drill down, our screening technology will tell us if an ingredient is inherently sweet, salty, fatty, or could be used for another purpose such as preservatives or energy applications.” Incorporating taste biology and sensory biology, the technology is helping to decipher hundreds of thousands of molecules to go further into human tasting applications along the road to yielding a new product. The now-efficient process “once took a month by former means and now actually takes a day,” says Dr. Khan.
>
> “When we go out into the field, we have high, rapid analytical methods where we can actually see inside the plants or molecules and send that information directly to a cloud and central database in New York,” he says, referring to a technology that has only been in place for the last two years. “The final piece is our sensory science, where once we narrow it down to a few molecules that have been validated for tasting going through our protocols, we have R&D experts that can say ‘yes, this is sweet or salty or fatty and can be used in our offerings.’ That methodology,” says Dr. Khan, “is PepsiCo’s newest. Because these ingredients are so new, we need new methodologies just to evaluate them. It’s not like evaluating vanilla extract, because some of these things represent the first time humans are actually tasting these ingredients.” Or, he says, they were only used previously in ancient recipes and “it’s the first time we brought it back to the United States to be able to taste. The whole idea is, of course, to ultimately explore how we can use these ingredients in potential new products that have a tangible consumer benefit.”
>
>
>
> Another strategy has included PepsiCo’s collaboration with chefs both in the United States and globally who, for example, might prepare desserts that, while sweet, are made without sugar. “We recently held an exposition at the Culinary Institute of America in Napa, California, and as a result our internal PepsiCo chefs recreated the same dishes these chefs did in order to capture the flavor ingredients before, during, and after the cooking and plating process. The idea was to identify what they are and apply them to different snacks, beverages, and foods. “This,” says Dr. Khan, “is a way for us to explore ways to get these flavorful ingredients into products, and offer more uniqueness and realistic flavor in seasonings for a snack chip.” These insights also help PepsiCo continue to expand its nutrition business, which represented approximately 20 percent of its net revenue in 2013. It’s a portfolio of good-for-you offerings that include drinkable oats with dairy, 100 percent juice, yogurt, humus and protein shakes to name a few.
>
>
> A Global Focus
>
> As R&D helps to drive PepsiCo’s business with state-of-the-art technology, its solutions are offering more consumers enjoyable and nutritious food and beverage options, while making them available to more places across the globe. What tastes great to an American consumer may not be what folks in China or India would choose to eat or drink. To that end, PepsiCo adapts different global brands with products customized for specific markets. Two culturally relevant examples are Tropicana Frutz Sparkling Drink in the Middle East and Quaker Inner Smile in China, a dairy and oat beverage. Likewise, the company’s iconic potato chip offerings worldwide are customized to suit local palates—from Walkers Pickled Onion crisps in England and MAXX seafood-flavored chips in Thailand to shrimp-flavored chips in Egypt and salad chips in China. Without reinventing the wheel, PepsiCo is able to leverage its global scale by creating the opportunity for great ideas to be adapted from one market to another across the world; efficiencies that allow the company to further invest in innovation that ultimately benefits the consumer worldwide.
>
> For a company that began 50 years ago, PepsiCo has successfully transformed itself into a global and diversified organization, with a portfolio providing a considerable range of food and beverages around the world. As it grows and continues to innovate, PepsiCo also remains committed to offering consumers everywhere more choice and better nutrition to meet and exceed their needs while it works to minimize its environmental impact. PepsiCo’s stated mission of “performance with purpose” not only fuels its growth but allows the industry leader to stay ahead of trends as it helps to sustainably shape the world in which it operates.
>
> For more information, visit pepsico.com <http://pepsico.com/>.
>
> This content is partner content, and was not necessarily written or created by The Daily Beast editorial team.
> SHARE <>TWEET <https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebea.st%2F1v8yKwp&via=thedailybeast&related=&text=The%20Science%20of%20Ingredient%20Innovation&counturl=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/12/19/the-science-of-ingredient-innovation.html>POST <>EMAIL <mailto:?subject=The%20Science%20of%20Ingredient%20Innovation%20-%20The%20Daily%20Beast&body=%0D%0Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fthebea.st%2F1v8yKMR%0D%0A%0D%0AThe%20Science%20of%20Ingredient%20Innovation%0D%0A%0D%0AIndustry%20leader%20rooted%20in%20smart%20new%20innovations.>
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> <http://www.thedailybeast.com/contributors/lewis-beale.html>
> Lewis Beale  <http://www.thedailybeast.com/contributors/lewis-beale.html>
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> <>
> HISTORY REPEATING01.11.15
> New Documentary Shows The ‘Moderate’ Klan of North Carolina
> The Tarheel State had a reputation as the most progressive in the country on race relations. But it also had the biggest Klan chapter in the South.
> If you were driving through North Carolina in the mid-1960s, chances are you’d see this billboard:
>
> “You are in the heart of Klan country. Welcome to North Carolina. Join the United Klans of America, Inc. Help fight integration and communism! <https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=643&q=klan+billboard&oq=klan+billboard&gs_l=img.12%E2%80%A62095.6583.0.8643.14.8.0.6.0.0.116.604.7j1.8.0.chm_loc%E2%80%A60%E2%80%A61ac.1.60.img..7.7.541.taQ1W-ldoY4#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=xMjcBMySS6qe9M%253A%3BWq3W2p4843nwMM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fphotos1.blogger.com%252Fblogger%252F6344%252F1997%252F1600%252FBlog%252520124%252520ee.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fthepriceofsilver.blogspot.com%252F2006%252F06%252Fpainted-white-welcome-to-klan-country.html%3B510%3B331>”
>
> Klan support in the South was not exactly breaking news. What made these highway signs stand out was the fact that they were fairly common in what had long been considered the most progressive state in the region, where the civil rights movement had been met with a minimum of bloodshed and violence. But the fact is, by 1966 the Tar Heel State had over 10,000 KKK members, more than all the other Southern states combined.
>
> The reasons why are explored in “Klansville, U.S.A.,” a documentary based on the book of the same name by David Cunningham <http://www.amazon.com/Klansville-U-S-Civil-Rights-Era/dp/0199391165/ref=as_at?tag=thedailybeast-autotag-20&linkCode=as2&>, which will be broadcast on PBS on Jan. 13. And although the documentary deals with events that happened 50 years ago, it also helps us understand contemporary Southern racial politics.
>
> So why North Carolina? As it turns out, the strength of the Klan was a response to the Tar Heel State’s relatively smooth transition from segregation to integration. “White people in North Carolina could not count on their politicians to resist integration like the politicians in Mississippi and Alabama,” Cunningham told the Daily Beast, “so there was this opening the Klan could step into.”
>
> It also helped that North Carolina had a Klan organizer like Bob Jones, a former lightning rod salesman who had been discharged from the Navy for refusing to salute a black officer. Jones began organizing in 1963, claiming to be a voice for poor whites who felt threatened by black progress and who were left behind by the state’s economic upturn.
>
> “White people in North Carolina could not count on their politicians to resist integration like the politicians in Mississippi and Alabama, so there was this opening the Klan could step into.”
> “Jones was not a charismatic figure as we usually think of that,” said Cunningham. “He was an excellent people person. He was disarming, with a sense of humor. He also knew enough to partner with people who had more charisma.”
>
> The Klan’s appeal was to people leading traditional lives in rural areas. Their rallies, which could attract thousands, were like county fairs and social events, and were in many ways similar to religious revivals of the past. Jones and his followers also claimed they were not a violent organization, unlike Klan outlets in the Deep South. Their major form of intimidation, in fact, was not murder or beatings, but cross burning.
>
> If the North Carolina Klan was, in its own bizarre way, a relatively moderate organization, this was a reflection of the Tar Heel State itself. The state was considered the shining light of the New South, in which the “North Carolina Way,” advocating non-confrontation in race relations, was highly praised. This moderation was reflected in The Andy Griffith Show <http:// e.com/watch?v=Lli9ABUFZCU>, set in fictional Mayberry, N.C. A soothing vision of small town life, the popular program featured blacks, but they were always in the background, and seemed to respect the racial boundaries of the day. “That sense of neighborliness also contributed to that broad complicity to maintaining this sense of racial solidarity,” Cunningham said. “Those boundaries drawn along racial lines were very strong and very formal.”
>
> All this contributed to North Carolina’s relatively benign image, but also to a sense of complacency, especially regarding the Klan.
>
> “I think the political class saw the Klan as nothing more than an annoyance,” said “Klansville, U.S.A.” director Callie Wiser. “They weren’t in tune with the working class, and they either believed, or wanted to believe, that the Klan wasn’t as scary as they thought. Their thinking was that these people were just blowing off steam.”
>
> Eventually, however, Jones and his Klan movement were brought down by a number of factors. Following the violence in Selma, Ala. and the murder of white civil rights worker Viola Liuzzo—all recounted in the current film “Selma <https://search.yahoo.com/search?p=selma+trailer+2014&type=2button&fr=ush-mailn_02>”—the FBI, which had been indifferent, if not openly hostile, to the civil rights movement, was forced to take on the Klan.
>
> That, plus a Jones confidant turned informant and Jones’ conviction on contempt of Congress charges after he refused to turn over the Klan’s bank accounts to a congressional committee, reduced the North Carolina KKK to a shell of its former self. Yet racial and economic anxiety, the forces that made the Klan a player in North Carolina and the South, still existed. In North CarolinaCarolina, they were channeled into support for hard-right racial demagogue Jesse Helms <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Helms>, elected five times to the U.S. Senate.
>
> And nationally, they were manifested as opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which President Lyndon B. Johnson accurately predicted would deliver the South to the Republican Party for years to come <http://message.snopes.com/showthread.php?t=79865>.
>
> “People have anxieties, and will continue to have them,” Wiser said. “There are always going to be threats to people’s livelihoods, and when they feel unsure about their place in the world, they will lash out. That fear has not been exhausted.”
>
> “In the areas where the Klan was present in the South, those areas tended to drive the shift towards Republican voting <http://asr.sagepub.com/content/79/6/1144.full?keytype=ref&siteid=spasr&ijkey=KkbydZOZq19vA>,” added Cunningham.
>
> “The Klan never became a political force, but they were influential in loosening ties to the Democratic Party. This isn’t purely a historical story. We see the resonance of the Klan’s presence continuing. ++Where the Klan was popular, we see more violent crime (PDF <http://www.brandeis.edu/departments/sociology/pdfs/cunnarticles1/McVeighCunningham_Social%20Forces%202012.pdf>).
>
> The Klan wanted to delegitimize authority, and that vigilantist impulse continues to have a legacy today.”
>
> SHARE <>TWEET <https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebea.st%2F1slt8mG&via=thedailybeast&related=thedailybeast%3AThe%20Daily%20Beast&text=New%20Documentary%20Shows%20The%20%E2%80%98Moderate%E2%80%99%20Klan%20of%20North%20Carolina&counturl=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/01/11/new-documentary-shows-the-moderate-klan-of-north-carolina.html>POST <>EMAIL <mailto:?subject=New%20Documentary%20Shows%20The%20%E2%80%98Moderate%E2%80%99%20Klan%20of%20North%20Carolina%20-%20The%20Daily%20Beast&body=%0D%0Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fthebea.st%2F1slt9a0%0D%0A%0D%0ANew%20Documentary%20Shows%20The%20%E2%80%98Moderate%E2%80%99%20Klan%20of%20North%20Carolina%0D%0A%0D%0AThe%20Tarheel%20State%20had%20a%20reputation%20as%20the%20most%20progressive%20in%20the%20country%20on%20race%20relations.%20But%20it%20also%20had%20the%20biggest%20Klan%20chapter%20in%20the%20South.>1COMMENT
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> Photo Illustration by Emil Lendof/The Daily Beast
> <http://www.thedailybeast.com/contributors/nico-hines.html>
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> <>
> THE BAD SEED?01.07.15
> Britain May Spy on Preschoolers Searching for Potential Jihadis
> Parliament looks at measures to monitor toddlers for anti-Semitic speech. Meanwhile two kids were taken from their mother when she flew back to the UK from Turkey.
> LONDON — Western security forces have a new frontline in the battle against Islamist terrorism: the under-fives.
>
> Britain has drawn up plans to force kindergarten teachers and registered child-minders to spy on pre-school children in a bid to halt the radicalization of a new generation. Two young children were also taken into protective police custody last week when their mother, who was questioned over terror-related offenses, returned to Britain on a flight from Turkey.
>
> The apparent crackdown on pre-pubescent Muslims marks an extraordinary expansion in Britain’s already controversial counter-radicalization strategy.
>
> Alarming images of young British children pictured with weapons <http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/investigation-the-chilling-tale-of-how-a-typical-lewisham-teen-became-an-isis-bride-in-syria-9628523.html> in the so-called Islamic State prompted officials in London to say they would consider taking into care the offspring of men and women who had travelled abroad to join ISIS. Then, on New Year’s Eve, police took the two children, who landed at Luton airport with their mother, under child protection laws.
>
> Plans drawn up by the Home Office would further extend the remit of child protection officials to include toddlers at risk of radicalization on home soil. A 39-page document that accompanies the Counter-Terrorism and Security Bill being considered by parliament says nurseries and early childcare providers, as well as universities and prisons, have a duty “to prevent people being drawn into terrorism.”
>
> “The innocence of young people must be preserved at all costs,” said Glees. “That means that they cannot be considered targets for intelligence-led activity.”
> One of the world’s leading child psychologists dismissed the notion that it was even possible for pre-school children to be radicalized by Islamists. Professor Penelope Leach told The Daily Beast it was ludicrous to monitor young children in that way. “It sounds like a crazy idea to me,” she said. “You'd have to be an awful lot older than that. Really this is a silly story.”
>
> Under the proposals, nursery staff would be expected to report children who were making anti-Semitic remarks or said they had been taught that non-Muslims were inferior. “We would expect staff to have the training they need to identify children at risk of radicalization and know where and how to refer them for further help if necessary,” a Home Office spokesman said <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/11323558/Anti-terror-plan-to-spy-on-toddlers-is-heavy-handed.html>.
>
> The scheme has been condemned by civil liberties groups and queried by the National Association of Head Teachers. Russell Hobby, general secretary of the NAHT told The Telegraph: “It’s really important that nurseries are able to establish a strong relationship of trust with families, as they are often the first experience the families will have of the education system. Any suspicions that they are evaluating families for ideology could be quite counterproductive.”
>
> Professor Anthony Glees, the author of When Students Turn to Terror, is one of the most outspoken proponents of strengthening state intervention and monitoring inside educational institutions but he says the latest plans go too far.
>
> “Not even in Israel would primary school children be seen as deserving special attention. There are far bigger fish the government needs to fry,” he says.
>
> Glees, the director of the Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies at the University of Buckingham also said he was surprised by the New Year’s eve detention of the two children, believed to be under 10, and now held by West Midlands police.
>
> “The innocence of young people must be preserved at all costs,” said Glees. “That means that they cannot be considered targets for intelligence-led activity and should not be confused with their parents, who may well be entirely legitimate targets.”
>
> The Sunday Times reported that the children’s 25-year-old mother was arrested on suspicion of preparing for acts of terrorism <http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article1503097.ece> when she landed at Luton on a flight from Istanbul.
>
> Haringey Council told The Daily Beast that the children had not been taken permanently into state care. Those held by police under the Children Act of 1989 would typically be placed on an “at risk” register or child protection plan which means their welfare would be monitored closely by officials.
>
> Local councils in Britain have been forced to confront policies for dealing with the children of avowed jihadis as it emerged that several are currently in Syria or Iraq in areas known under ISIS control. Siddhartha Dhar, 31, a Londoner, posed with a Kalashnikov and his newborn son in a series of posts taunting the British security forces <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2850204/Posing-Syria-newborn-son-Kalashnikov-terror-suspect-bragged-easy-evade-MI5-British-police-bail.html>.
>
> He was one of the associates of radical preacher Anjem Choudary who were rounded up and released on bail in a series of raids last September <http://www.thedailybeast.com/content/dailybeast/articles/2014/09/25/britain-s-counter-terror-raids-the-end-of-londonistan.html>. He skipped bail and traveled to Syria with his family.
>
> Fellow British jihadi, Khadijah Dare, 22, from Lewisham in South London, who has expressed her desire to become the first female ISIS executioner, posted an online picture <http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/investigation-the-chilling-tale-of-how-a-typical-lewisham-teen-became-an-isis-bride-in-syria-9628523.html> of her four-year-old son smiling as he aimed an AK-47.
>
> A spokesman for Lewisham council said last year <http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/jihadists/article1492856.ece> that it would be forced to act if the family returned to Britain. “We view what she has done very seriously and if she returned to the borough we would take immediate measures to ensure the safety of her children,” he said.
>
> SHARE <>TWEET <https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthebea.st%2F1FlW3g9&via=nicohines&related=thedailybeast%3AThe%20Daily%20Beast&text=Britain%20May%20Spy%20on%20Preschoolers%20Searching%20for%20Potential%20Jihadis&counturl=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/01/07/britain-may-spy-on-preschoolers-searching-for-potential-jihadis.html>POST <>EMAIL <mailto:?subject=Britain%20May%20Spy%20on%20Preschoolers%20Searching%20for%20Potential%20Jihadis%20-%20The%20Daily%20Beast&body=%0D%0Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fthebea.st%2F1FlW1oK%0D%0A%0D%0ABritain%20May%20Spy%20on%20Preschoolers%20Searching%20for%20Potential%20Jihadis%0D%0A%0D%0AParliament%20looks%20at%20measures%20to%20monitor%20toddlers%20for%20anti-Semitic%20speech.%20Meanwhile%20two%20kids%20were%20taken%20from%20their%20mother%20when%20she%20flew%20back%20to%20the%20UK%20from%20Turkey.>17COMMENTS
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> <http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/01/07/britain-may-spy-on-preschoolers-searching-for-potential-jihadis.html>
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